Refrigerating apparatus



May 19, 1931. v J, COOKE 1,805,613

REFRI GERATI HG APPARATUS Filed May 11 1929 JZvenZb r': 62602596 J @0/16 terial.

Patented May 19, 1931 amnion cooxn, or cnrcaeo, rumors museums arram'rus Application filed m 1, 192a. sci-m 110,362,399.

This invention relates to refrigerating evaporator andthe su systems in general and particularly to the process and apparatus involving the compression of refrigerant as distinguished from the absorption t of refrigerators. More ply-line can be made continuous and then nt around to form the return line which leads to the compressor.

specifically the invention, relates to-a com- .pressiont monia as th refrigerant. I In the conventional type of ammonia refrigerating apparatus it has been the custom to use an Iron or steel pipe instead .of seamless copper tubing, because ammonia would quickly decompose copper pipe. Iron and steel pipe requires the use of many elbows, Ts,

. and other fittings-which increases'the cost of the installation as well as the cost ofthe material itself. This kind of pipe is never selected embodiment of-the invention and the ,view is a vertical section through the appaclean and smooth-on the inside' as it contains .scales and other foreign particles, and it.

go 'rusts very quickly. The. pres'entinvention eliminates all the inherentdisadvantages of the conventional material now used, and its primary object is to provide a refrigerating apparatus which is designed to cut down or ehminate a great number of elbows, Ts, unions and'other fit tings during the construction and assembli'ng of the apparatus,

3Q in which the coils in the evaporator, t e sup- Ly and return lines, and thecoils in the con enser may be made of the same kind of ma- Another object is to provide an apparatus J in which the coils and. connecting pipes are made from bendable seamless material.

A still further object is to provide an apparatus whichi-has the evaporator, condenser coils, and the connecting pipestherefor made of block tinpipe which bends easily and which is always smooth and cleanand will notrust. '1 The invention comprises in general a condenser in which the condenser coil is spirally arranged. This condenser coil is made of block tin pipe and the lower end of the coil discharges into a fluid supply chamber. A

of apparatus which uses am-.

If the refrigerator is of the dual type, such as is shown in the drawing 0 my co-pending application,- Serial N 0. 362, 98, filed May 11, 1929, the supply line and the return line also lead to the ,coils in the ice cream freezer.

The return line from the freezer connects to. a T, which also connects with the return line from the evaporator. A valve is arranged in the supply line for'selectively eflfecting communication between either the evaporator or the ice cream coils. The coils 1 and returnline to the ice cream freezer are also made of block tin ppe. The accompanying rawing illustrates a ratus. u I

Referring to the drawing, 10 designates a supply line which is made of block tin pipe and in hich the compressed refrigerant is carried 1n liquid form to the expansion or .evaporator coils 11. These coils are arranged in the brine tank 12and are also made "of block tin pipe. The brine tank 12 is suit- I ably arranged in the refrigerating chamber Another object i to provide an ap aratus 13, as clearly shown in'Fig. 1. 'A chamber 114 is arranged in the tank 12 for the recepcourse, understood that the brine tank 12 may be omitted and the coils used in direct expansion in a'manner well known in the art without having the coils in brine.

shown arranged in the brine tank 12, it is, of

A supply line 16 made of block tin pipe is connected to the line 10 and communicates with the block tin pipe coils 17 in the chamber 18 of the ice cream freezer 19. A return line-20, which is also made of block tin pipe and may be made integral with the supply line 16 and the coils 18, carries off the refrigerant in the form of a gas and leads to a T 21 on the main return line 22. Areturn line 23,which is made of block tin pipe and i block tin supply line commumcates' with this chamberfor carrying the liquid ammonia to which maybe made integral with, or be an extension of, the coils 11, also connects with the T 21- for carrying off the gas refrigerant.

"Hie refrigerant used is ammonia (NH,) and evaporator or to the ice cream freezer, as desired. The gas in the return line 22 leads to the compressor 26, where it is compressed and then enters the condenser coils 51, which are also made of block tin pipe. The condenser coils are arranged in the condenser casing 52. The coils are cooled by means ofwater in the condenser casing, and after the compressed fluid is sufficiently cooled it passes into the supply line 10 where it isa' am circulated throughout the, system in t e, manner set forth in the said co-pending application. o

By block tin, or substantially pure tin, an alloy containing a high percentage of pure tin pipe for the supply and return lines and also for the coils, any decrease in conductivity which may be caused by any oil entering ,the increased conductivity of block tin.

Block tin has a ve great conductivity and produces a very .de rable result particularly over iron pi which is used exclusively in ammonia re 'geration machines. Blocktin pipe will not rust, is easily bent, eliminates the threadin of the pi es and many fittings and joints. t has a si ver color which adds to the appearance of theinstallation andit molds as clean as a which is a very important feature in automatic machines. Copperpipe cannot be successfully used in ammonia systems as the ammonia would decomlpose the copper in a very short time. ron andother ds of ipeheretofore used scale and rust on the maid which renders this kind of pi very objectionable for an automatic mac e of thitypg disclosed in the aforesaid applicatio fact, the cause of the failure of almost every t of'automatic machine is due to the dirty pipe which is used in connection therewith.

For the ordinary domestic type, of refrigerators having up to cubic feet content and the equivalent of 100 pounds of ice per day, it has been desirable to use inch block tin pipe for the supply or liquid line,

and ,4, inch block tin pipe forthe return line, while the coils in the condenser and the evaporator are substantially inches diameter. For the larger boxes the diameter of the pipe runs from to inch and varies proportionatel with the size of the cubical contents of t e refri rator and also the t of system used. n any case the block tin ipe will have comparatively thin side monia refrigerating systems.

the expansion coils is overcome by rifle barrel on the inside,

Many e had been made commercial lock tin pipe was dlscovered to replace all other kinds of pi utside of the present invention, commercial block tin pipe was never used in ammonia refrigerating systems. The manner in which block tin pipe can be handled, its clean smooth surfaces, and

ing for aln--' its resistance a ainst corrosion and foulin renders block tm pipe the I'nost preferab e of all kinds of piping and tubing for use in small ammonia refrl'gerating systems con- J taining a, 'safe charge of ammonia.

- The use of seamless block tinipe or tub-' ing' is, of course,'only' practica le where a small amount of refrigerant is used. In a refrigerating'system such-as disclosed in the aforesaid application, a very small amount of ammonia 18 used in comparison with the conventional refri rating systems. For ex-.

ample, the copending ap licationpoints outv that only three and onealf ounces of ammonia is used on a one-sixth ton machine (a one-sixth ton machine being the equivalent to the melting of one-sixth of a ton of ice per da Bl tin pi is not aflected by ammonia cuts the cost 0 installation considerably, an

eliminates dirt, flakes, rusts, and other. foreign matter from-clogging the pipes or the ex ansion valve. Expansion valves have a re atively small opening and a relatively small amountof'dlrt or rust would "quickly ration of the machine to fail. Y

cause the o q I It is to understood however, that'the term block tin pipe means i which is made of pure tin orsubstantia y pure tin or an alloy containing a high percentage of tin. It is preferable owever, that the pipe used is what is known as commercial b t p anges may be made in the; form, construction, and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacnfici any of the advantages thereof and the right is hereby reserved to claims.

make all such ch as fairly fall within the scope of the foliowin The invention is'here lows: v I

- 1. In an ammonia refrigeration system, an expansion coil, condensing means including a condenser coil, a'block tin pipe supply or liquid line connecti said condenser coil and said expansion 'co1 and -a block tin pipe return line connecting said expansion coil and said condensing means, said block tin su ply and'return line's having relatively'thin si e an and bein no greater than five eighthso an inchin 'ameter.

2. .A refrigerating apparatus comprising in combination, means to comgrress a block quid re gerant, a'condenser coil made 0 tin having a diameter no greater than fiveveilgl' of an inch, a block 'tm pipe supply or y claimed as fol-.

line leading from said condenser coil and having a diameter not exceeding one-fourth of an inch, an expansion coil made of block tin 'pipe' and communicating with said supply line, and a block tin pi e return lineoperatively connected to sai expansion 0011s and connected to said compressor mechanism. 3.'A refrigerating apparatus comprising in combination, means to compress a refrigerant, a condenser coil made of block tm pipe, a block tin pipe supply line leadin from said condenser coil, an expansion co scribed my name made of block tin pipe and communicating.

with said supply line, and a block tin pipe return line operatively connected to said exv pansion coils and connected tosaid compressor mechanism, all of said pipe ranging from one-eighth inch to five-eighths inch in diameter and having comparatively thin side walls. y

' In 'witnesswhereof, I have hereunto sub- GEORGE J. 000m. 

